Our sources
By MenoVerdict editorial team
Every medical claim on this site links to a numbered reference at the bottom of its page. This page collects all of those references in one place — every source currently in our registry, generated directly from the file we use to build the site, not copied by hand.
If you want to check a specific article's citations, open that article and scroll to its References section. This page is for seeing everything at once, or for pulling the data yourself.
How to read this list
Sources are grouped the way our evidence grading method orders them: regulator prescribing labels and statements first, then society and clinical guidelines, then systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials, then cohort studies and other sources, with small studies, preprints, and brand-funded research called out separately so you can weigh them accordingly. Within each group, newest first.
Each entry links to the original source (its publisher page or DOI) and lists which published pages on this site currently cite it. A source with a funding conflict shows it directly, not in fine print elsewhere.
88 sources currently in the registry, generated from content/_sources/sources.yaml. The same data, for scripts and researchers, is at /sources.json.
Regulator prescribing labels (1)
VEOZAH (fezolinetant) tablets, prescribing information
Astellas Pharma US, 2026 — funding: Manufacturer-issued label (FDA-approved text)
Cited on: Hot flashes in perimenopause: why they happen and what helps, Night Sweats: How to Sleep Cooler Tonight, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment, Lynkuet (elinzanetant), Veozah (fezolinetant), Non-hormonal treatments for hot flashes
Regulator statements (8)
FDA Approves Labeling Changes to Menopausal Hormone Therapy Products
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2026
Cited on: Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment, The FDA HRT boxed warning change, explained, Hormone therapy (HRT) for menopause, Vaginal estrogen
U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2025
Cited on: Surgical menopause, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment, The FDA HRT boxed warning change, explained, Hormone therapy (HRT) for menopause
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2025
Osteoporosis to Prevent Fractures: Screening
US Preventive Services Task Force, 2025
US Preventive Services Task Force, 2024
Health Products Compliance Guidance
Federal Trade Commission, 2022
Cited on: Products we won't recommend
US Preventive Services Task Force, 2021
US Preventive Services Task Force, 2018
Society and clinical guidelines (8)
Menopause: identification and management (NG23)
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK), 2026
Cited on: Getting Menopause Care: Options, Guides, and Daily Support, Best Sleepwear for Night Sweats: How to Choose, Strength Training Through Menopause: What the Science Shows, Menopause in specific situations, Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), Is there a blood test for perimenopause?, Can perimenopause start in your 30s?, Bleeding after menopause, Bone health after menopause, Am I in perimenopause? Stage guide
Menopause: identification and management (NG23), Recommendations
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (UK), 2026
Cited on: How to find a menopause specialist, What to say if your doctor dismisses your symptoms, Best menopause telehealth: compared by situation, Early menopause, Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), How is menopause confirmed?, How long do menopause symptoms last?, What is menopause?, What age does perimenopause start?, Is there a blood test for perimenopause?, Contraception in perimenopause, Early signs of perimenopause: what to expect in your 40s, Can perimenopause start in your 30s?, Perimenopause: stages, symptoms and evidence-graded options, Irregular periods in perimenopause, Can you get pregnant during perimenopause?, What to ask your doctor about perimenopause, Perimenopause vs menopause: what is the difference?, When to see a doctor about perimenopause, Heart health after menopause, Postmenopause explained, Menopause anxiety, Bladder urgency in menopause, Menopause brain fog, Low mood and depression in menopause, Menopause fatigue, Heart palpitations in perimenopause, Hot flashes in perimenopause: why they happen and what helps, Perimenopause and menopause symptoms, Menopause insomnia: why sleep changes, Irritability and rage in perimenopause, Joint and muscle pain in menopause, Low libido in menopause, Memory problems in menopause, Migraines and menopause, Night Sweats: How to Sleep Cooler Tonight, Panic attacks in perimenopause, Recurrent UTIs after menopause, Waking at 3 a.m. in perimenopause, Weight gain and belly fat in menopause, 12 months without a period: menopause counter, Am I in perimenopause? Stage guide, Menopause symptom tracker and doctor report, Perimenopause symptoms checklist, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment, Bioidentical vs compounded hormones, HRT and blood clot risk, HRT and breast cancer risk, in absolute numbers, Estrogen in HRT, Who HRT may suit, and who needs specialist advice, HRT patch vs gel vs pill, Hormone pellets, Progesterone and progestogens in HRT, HRT side effects, Starting and stopping HRT, Testosterone for women in menopause, The HRT timing window, Types of HRT, CBT and clinical hypnosis for hot flashes
American College of Obstetricians & Gynecologists' Committee on Clinical Practice Guidelines-Gynecology, 2026
Compounded Bioidentical Menopausal Hormone Therapy: ACOG Clinical Consensus No. 6
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists' Committee on Clinical Consensus-Gynecology, 2023
Cited on: Winona review, Products we won't recommend, Bioidentical vs compounded hormones, Hormone pellets
Treatment of Symptoms of the Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: Clinical Consensus No. 2
American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, 2021
Cited on: Vaginal Moisturiser vs Lubricant: Which Do You Need?, Menopause after breast cancer, How long do menopause symptoms last?, Postmenopause explained, Painful Sex in Perimenopause and Menopause: Causes and Relief, Recurrent UTIs after menopause, Vaginal Dryness After Menopause: What Actually Helps, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Vaginal estrogen
Urinary incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in women: management (NG123)
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2019
Cited on: How to Do Pelvic Floor Exercises Correctly: A Step-by-Step Guide, Bladder urgency in menopause, Bladder Leaks in Menopause: Causes, Types, and What Actually Helps, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment
US Preventive Services Task Force, 2018
Cited on: Calcium after menopause, Vitamin D in menopause: what it does and does not do
Fertility and Sterility (published jointly in several journals), 2012
Cited on: Do "hormone balance" supplements work?, How is menopause confirmed?, How long do menopause symptoms last?, What is menopause?, What age does perimenopause start?, Is there a blood test for perimenopause?, Early signs of perimenopause: what to expect in your 40s, Heavy periods in perimenopause, How long does perimenopause last?, Can perimenopause start in your 30s?, Perimenopause: stages, symptoms and evidence-graded options, Irregular periods in perimenopause, Can you get pregnant during perimenopause?, The stages of perimenopause, Perimenopause vs menopause: what is the difference?, Postmenopause explained, 12 months without a period: menopause counter, Am I in perimenopause? Stage guide
Position statements (7)
The Menopause Society Comments on the FDA Announcement on Hormone Therapy
The Menopause Society, 2025
Cited on: The FDA HRT boxed warning change, explained, Hormone therapy (HRT) for menopause, Vaginal estrogen
IMS Statement: US HHS Revises Black Box Warning for Menopause Hormone Therapy
International Menopause Society, 2025
Cited on: The FDA HRT boxed warning change, explained, Hormone therapy (HRT) for menopause, Vaginal estrogen
Endometriosis and menopausal health: An EMAS clinical guide
Maturitas (European Menopause and Andropause Society), 2025 — funding: Guideline panel of 18 authors; several disclose industry consultancy, speaker fees, or grant funding from multiple different companies (Astellas, Bayer, Gedeon Richter, Besins, and others) - typical for a specialist society guideline panel of this size, not a single-sponsor study. Several other authors declared none.
Consensus conference results on contraception in women beyond 40 years of age
European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care, 2025
Cited on: Contraception in perimenopause
The 2023 nonhormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society
Menopause (The North American Menopause Society, now The Menopause Society), 2023
Cited on: Best Sleepwear for Night Sweats: How to Choose, Best menopause telehealth: compared by situation, Does acupuncture help hot flashes?, Does ashwagandha help menopause symptoms?, Does black cohosh work for hot flashes?, Do cannabis and CBD help menopause symptoms?, Cooling Your Bed: Fans, Sheets, and Climate Systems Compared, Do diets help hot flashes?, Do "hormone balance" supplements work?, Does it work? Menopause treatments tested against evidence, Does magnesium help menopause sleep and symptoms?, Does paced breathing help hot flashes?, Do soy and isoflavones help hot flashes?, Does yoga help menopause symptoms?, Menopause after breast cancer, Menopause in specific situations, Surgical menopause, Menopause anxiety, Body odor changes in menopause, Menopause brain fog, Low mood and depression in menopause, Hot flashes in perimenopause: why they happen and what helps, Menopause insomnia: why sleep changes, Irritability and rage in perimenopause, Night Sweats: How to Sleep Cooler Tonight, Panic attacks in perimenopause, Waking at 3 a.m. in perimenopause, Weight gain and belly fat in menopause, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment, Menopause treatments: evidence-graded options, CBT and clinical hypnosis for hot flashes, Lynkuet (elinzanetant), Veozah (fezolinetant), Gabapentin for hot flashes, Non-hormonal treatments for hot flashes, Oxybutynin for hot flashes, SSRIs and SNRIs for hot flashes
The 2022 hormone therapy position statement of The North American Menopause Society
Menopause (The North American Menopause Society, now The Menopause Society), 2022 — funding: Funded by donations to the NAMS Education & Research Fund; the statement reports no commercial support. Individual panel disclosures not yet reviewed.
Cited on: Getting Menopause Care: Options, Guides, and Daily Support, Menopause Books Worth Reading, Chosen by Evidence, Best menopause telehealth: compared by situation, Does acupuncture help hot flashes?, Do cannabis and CBD help menopause symptoms?, Cooling Your Bed: Fans, Sheets, and Climate Systems Compared, Do "hormone balance" supplements work?, Does paced breathing help hot flashes?, Do soy and isoflavones help hot flashes?, Does yoga help menopause symptoms?, Early menopause, Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), Surgical menopause, How long do menopause symptoms last?, What is menopause?, What to ask your doctor about perimenopause, Bone health after menopause, Menopause anxiety, Menopause brain fog, Menopause fatigue, Hot flashes in perimenopause: why they happen and what helps, Menopause insomnia: why sleep changes, Joint and muscle pain in menopause, Low libido in menopause, Night Sweats: How to Sleep Cooler Tonight, Waking at 3 a.m. in perimenopause, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment, Estrogen in HRT, Hormone therapy (HRT) for menopause, Who HRT may suit, and who needs specialist advice, The HRT timing window, Menopause treatments: evidence-graded options
Menopause: The Journal of The Menopause Society, 2020
Cited on: Vaginal Moisturiser vs Lubricant: Which Do You Need?, How to Do Pelvic Floor Exercises Correctly: A Step-by-Step Guide, Menopause after breast cancer, How long do menopause symptoms last?, Bleeding after menopause, Postmenopause explained, Bladder urgency in menopause, Bladder Leaks in Menopause: Causes, Types, and What Actually Helps, Painful Sex in Perimenopause and Menopause: Causes and Relief, Recurrent UTIs after menopause, Vaginal Dryness After Menopause: What Actually Helps, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment, Vaginal estrogen
Systematic reviews (12)
Medicina (Kaunas), 2026
Cited on: Low mood and depression in menopause, Menopause fatigue, Irritability and rage in perimenopause, Panic attacks in perimenopause
Menopause, 2026
Cited on: Does DHEA work for menopause symptoms?
Frontiers in Endocrinology, 2024
Menopause, 2024
Cited on: Does Relizen work for hot flashes?
Effects of Oral Collagen for Skin Anti-Aging: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Nutrients, 2023
Journal of Sexual Medicine, 2022
Cited on: Sexual health after menopause
Non-hormonal interventions for genitourinary syndrome of menopause
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2021
Cited on: Vaginal Moisturiser vs Lubricant: Which Do You Need?, Painful Sex in Perimenopause and Menopause: Causes and Relief, Recurrent UTIs after menopause, Vaginal Dryness After Menopause: What Actually Helps, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Vaginal estrogen
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018
Cited on: How to Do Pelvic Floor Exercises Correctly: A Step-by-Step Guide, Bladder Leaks in Menopause: Causes, Types, and What Actually Helps, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker
Cancer Treatment Reviews, 2017
Cited on: Chemotherapy-induced menopause
Dehydroepiandrosterone for women in the peri- or postmenopausal phase
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2015
Cited on: Does DHEA work for menopause symptoms?
Phytoestrogens for menopausal vasomotor symptoms
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013 — funding: Lethaby disclosed advising the author of one unpublished included study (Bicca 2004), on which she is a co-author; Eden is an author of two included studies (Knight 1999, 2001) — both disclosed in the review.
Cited on: Does red clover help menopause symptoms?, Do soy and isoflavones help hot flashes?
Maca (Lepidium meyenii) for treatment of menopausal symptoms: A systematic review
Maturitas, 2011
Cited on: Does maca work for menopause symptoms?
Randomized controlled trials (3)
Journal of Menopausal Medicine, 2021
Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 2018
Cited on: Strength Training Through Menopause: What the Science Shows, Bone health after menopause, Postmenopause explained, Joint and muscle pain in menopause, Weight gain and belly fat in menopause, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker
Efficacy of Omega-3 Treatment for Vasomotor Symptoms: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Menopause (MsFLASH network trial), 2014
Cited on: Does omega-3 help menopause symptoms?
Cohort studies (4)
Menopause, 2022 — funding: All authors report NIH grant funding for this study (NIA; NCI and NIMH for some). One co-author (Joffe) additionally discloses grants from Merck and Pfizer and consulting fees from NeRRe/KaNDy, Eisai, Jazz, and Bayer - unrelated to this specific analysis but disclosed for transparency. Two co-authors (Colvin, Chen) declared no conflicts of any kind.
Trends in Age at Natural Menopause and Reproductive Life Span Among US Women, 1959-2018
JAMA, 2021
Cited on: Early menopause, Average age of menopause, What age does perimenopause start?, 12 months without a period: menopause counter
Changes in body composition and weight during the menopause transition
JCI Insight, 2019
Duration of menopausal vasomotor symptoms over the menopause transition
JAMA Internal Medicine, 2015
Cited on: How long do menopause symptoms last?, How long does perimenopause last?, Life after menopause, Menopause symptom tracker and doctor report
Patient information pages (6)
NHS (nhs.uk), 2026
Cited on: Best menopause telehealth: compared by situation, Menopause anxiety, Heart palpitations in perimenopause, Bladder Leaks in Menopause: Causes, Types, and What Actually Helps, Panic attacks in perimenopause, 12 months without a period: menopause counter, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Am I in perimenopause? Stage guide, Menopause symptom tracker and doctor report, Perimenopause symptoms checklist, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment
NHS (nhs.uk), 2026
Cited on: Vaginal Moisturiser vs Lubricant: Which Do You Need?, Best menopause telehealth: compared by situation, How is menopause confirmed?, What is menopause?, Perimenopause vs menopause: what is the difference?, When to see a doctor about perimenopause, Bleeding after menopause, Postmenopause explained, Life after menopause, Painful Sex in Perimenopause and Menopause: Causes and Relief, Vaginal Dryness After Menopause: What Actually Helps, 12 months without a period: menopause counter, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Am I in perimenopause? Stage guide, Menopause symptom tracker and doctor report, Perimenopause symptoms checklist, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment, Vaginal estrogen
NHS (nhs.uk), 2026
Cited on: Early signs of perimenopause: what to expect in your 40s, Heavy periods in perimenopause, Irregular periods in perimenopause, When to see a doctor about perimenopause, 12 months without a period: menopause counter
988 Lifeline, 2026
Cited on: Early menopause, Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), Menopause anxiety, Low mood and depression in menopause, Panic attacks in perimenopause, 12 months without a period: menopause counter, Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Am I in perimenopause? Stage guide, Menopause symptom tracker and doctor report, Perimenopause symptoms checklist, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment
Samaritans, 2026
Cited on: Early menopause, Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), Menopause anxiety, Low mood and depression in menopause, Panic attacks in perimenopause, 12 months without a period: menopause counter, Am I in perimenopause? Stage guide, Questions to ask your doctor about HRT and menopause treatment
Choosing a Healthcare Practitioner
The Menopause Society, 2026
Cited on: How to find a menopause specialist
Other sources (reviews, commentary, own-site data) (27)
Outrage of the Month: Labeling Changes to Menopausal Hormone Therapy Products
Public Citizen Health Research Group, 2026
Migraine across the menopausal transition and beyond: A narrative review
Headache, 2026
Cited on: Menopause headaches, Migraines and menopause
Managing the transition without hormones
Climacteric, 2026
Cited on: Menopause fatigue, Menopause headaches, Memory problems in menopause, Waking at 3 a.m. in perimenopause
Frontiers in Reproductive Health, 2026
Cited on: Heart health after menopause, Hot flashes in perimenopause: why they happen and what helps, The HRT timing window
Midi Health — pricing, insurance, and care model (own site)
Midi Health, 2026 — funding: Self-reported by the company being reviewed — treat as the company's own claims about its own service, not independent verification of care quality or outcomes.
Cited on: How much does HRT cost?, Midi Health review, Midi vs Alloy, Midi vs Evernow
Alloy — care model and pricing model (own site)
Alloy, 2026 — funding: Self-reported by the company being reviewed.
Cited on: How much does HRT cost?, Alloy review, Alloy vs Evernow, Midi vs Alloy
Evernow — pricing and care model (own site)
Evernow, 2026 — funding: Self-reported by the company being reviewed.
Cited on: How much does HRT cost?, Alloy vs Evernow, Evernow review, Midi vs Evernow
Winona — treatment formats and care model (own site)
Winona, 2026 — funding: Self-reported by the company being reviewed.
Cited on: Winona review
Hims & Hers Health, Inc. (NYSE: HIMS) — public company profile
Public company filings/financial data aggregators (e.g. stockanalysis.com), 2026
Cited on: Hers (menopause care) review
Relizen (hot flash and night sweat supplement) — product page (own site)
Bonafide Health, LLC, 2026 — funding: Self-reported by the company being reviewed.
Cited on: Does Relizen work for hot flashes?
Maturitas, 2026 — funding: Disclosed: funded by/affiliated with Astellas Pharma (maker of fezolinetant/Veozah). Three authors (Ajmera, Shiozawa, Kim, Mancuso) are Astellas employees; lead author Kapoor discloses consulting fees from Astellas and several other companies (Novo Nordisk, Estetra, Fresenius Kabi, Exeltis, Dexcom, WellFound); the remaining authors are employees of a health-economics consultancy (Medicus Economics) engaged for the analysis.
Cited on: Menopause at work
Insurance Type and Menopausal Hormone Therapy Use Among US Women
JAMA Network Open, 2026
Cited on: Does insurance cover menopause care?
Estradiol prices, coupons & savings tips
GoodRx, 2026
Cited on: How much does HRT cost?
JMIR Formative Research, 2025
Cited on: What to say if your doctor dismisses your symptoms, Best menopause telehealth: compared by situation, Menopause in specific situations, Surgical menopause
Public Citizen Health Research Group, 2025
Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology, 2025
Cited on: Dry and itchy skin in menopause
The New Menopause: Navigating Your Path Through Hormonal Change with Purpose, Power, and Facts
Rodale Books, 2024
Menopause and brain fog: how to counsel and treat midlife women
Menopause, 2024
Cited on: Memory problems in menopause
Balance in Transition: Unraveling the Link Between Menopause and Vertigo
Cureus, 2024
Cited on: Dizziness in perimenopause
Rodale Books, 2022
Cited on: Menopause Books Worth Reading, Chosen by Evidence, Strength Training Through Menopause: What the Science Shows, Weight gain and belly fat in menopause
Menopause, skin and common dermatoses. Part 1: hair disorders
Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, 2022
Cited on: Facial hair in menopause, Hair thinning in menopause
The Menopause Manifesto: Own Your Health with Facts and Feminism
Citadel Press, 2021
Cited on: Menopause Books Worth Reading, Chosen by Evidence, Does black cohosh work for hot flashes?, Do "hormone balance" supplements work?
Sexual Function and Associated Factors in Postmenopausal Women
Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetricia, 2021
Cited on: Sexual health after menopause
Breast pain: assessment, management, and referral criteria
British Journal of General Practice, 2020
Cited on: Breast tenderness in perimenopause
Advances in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, 2020
Cited on: Tinnitus in menopause
Menopausal Acne - Challenges And Solutions
International Journal of Women's Health, 2019
Cited on: Adult acne in menopause
Gender Medicine, 2009
Cited on: Bloating in perimenopause, Digestive changes in menopause
Small studies (weigh with caution) (11)
Climacteric, 2026
Cited on: Frozen shoulder and menopause
Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research, 2021
Obstetrics and Gynecology International, 2019 — funding: Disclosed in the paper itself: author Shulman is a paid consultant for Biogix Inc. (formerly Lunada Biomedical, Amberen's manufacturer). The other three authors were investigators in one or both of the pooled trials, not independent of the research - Kuznetsova and Radzinsky were each the main investigator in one of the two trials.
Factors associated with menopausal symptoms among middle-aged registered nurses in Beijing
Gynecological Endocrinology, 2015
Cited on: Tingling sensations in menopause
The relationship between vasomotor symptoms and menopause-associated dizziness
Acta Otolaryngol, 2014
Cited on: Dizziness in perimenopause
British Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014
Cited on: Dry eyes in menopause
Journal of Dental Materials and Techniques, 2013
Cited on: Burning mouth syndrome in menopause
Journal of Women's Health, 2012
Cited on: Does Equelle work for hot flashes?
Hysterectomy with preservation of both ovaries does not result in premature ovarian failure
Journal of International Medical Research, 2007
Cited on: Hysterectomy with ovaries retained
Effect of hysterectomy on conserved ovarian function
Yonsei Medical Journal, 2002
Cited on: Hysterectomy with ovaries retained
Fertility and Sterility, 1997
Cited on: Does dong quai work for hot flashes?
Brand-funded research (weigh with caution) (1)
Bayer, 2025 — funding: Manufacturer press release. Replace with the FDA label for efficacy and safety figures.
Cited on: Does it work? Menopause treatment evidence checker, Lynkuet (elinzanetant), Non-hormonal treatments for hot flashes
Using this data yourself
The same registry is available as structured JSON at /sources.json, generated from the same file as this page, for anyone who wants to check our citations programmatically rather than by reading this list.
Something missing or wrong?
If a source here no longer resolves, or you think we've misread what it says, please contact our editorial team. See our corrections and updates log for how we handle fixes.
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- : Initial publication of the machine-readable sources listing